Water moves in to a plant by osmosis (remember that from school?!!) Osmosis is defined as the movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semi-permable membrane. Diffusion is defined as the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of… Continue reading R2101 – water movement in plants
Category: R2101
R2101 – Respiration
Respiration is the process in which the sugars the plant has got (through photosynthesis) are used to make energy to live. [We respire just as plants do - we breathe in oxygen to burn the food we have eaten to provide energy] Respiration continues day and night, in all of the living cells of the… Continue reading R2101 – Respiration
R2101 – Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the way in which plants turn light into food. It occurs in the choroplasts of the cells, which is why the typical leaf diagram shows lots of cells packed together in the palisade layer with lots of chloroplasts in them - it is to maximise photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is the actual pigment or chemical… Continue reading R2101 – Photosynthesis
R2101 – seed structure
The diagram above is a typical seed cross-section. You may need to either draw this, or put the labels on a diagram. You may also be asked to define the parts. Testa = the seed coatCotyledon = the seed leaves and food store (remember, monocots only have one of these, whilst dicots have two)Endosperm is… Continue reading R2101 – seed structure
R2101 – Flowers, fruits and seeds
Flowers exist to - aid pollination and give rise to seeds and fruits. A few definitions: Monoecious plants = male and female organs on separate flowers on the same plant eg: Quercus robur (oak) Dioecious plants = male and female organs on different plants eg: Ginkgo biloba Hermaphrodite plants = male and female organs on… Continue reading R2101 – Flowers, fruits and seeds
R2101 – leaves
I know that's a really bad drawing - I hope you get the idea anyway. Labelling the parts of the leaf blade has come up before. Leaf adaptations Storage/perennation - bulbs are a lot of leaves containing food eg: Narcissus.Water storage - succulent plants store water in the leaves eg: Sedum.Protection - spines on the… Continue reading R2101 – leaves
R2101 – stems
Ok, so apparently you will need to be able to draw/label a diagram like the one above. I don't think this question has come up in the last couple of years but you never know. You will also need to know the cross section of a dicotyledon stem drawn previously which seems much more likely… Continue reading R2101 – stems
R2101 – Plant name
Plants have botanical names which are in two parts: a Genus (where the word begins with a capital letter) and a species (where the word begins with a lower case letter). A Genus of plants is a group with similar characteristics and which all have the same ancestor. A species is a sub-group within a… Continue reading R2101 – Plant name
R2101 – Roots
Types of root Roots hold the plant in the ground and allow it to take up water and nutrients. They can also be used to store food. There are 3 types of root in the exam. Apologies for the poor pictures - I'm not so good on the drawing programmes. But I hope you get… Continue reading R2101 – Roots
R2101 – Plant Tissues
Plant tissues are groups of specialised cells found in certain places. You will need to read the question carefully to see if they are asking about tissues or cells - apparently lots of people make that mistake! Meristem = tissues for growth. These are the vascular cambium (see the root and stem cross-section diagrams) which… Continue reading R2101 – Plant Tissues
Gardening studies 